Cigarette companies targeting people Research Paper

Cigarette companies targeting people - Research Paper Example Cigarette manufacturers are more interested in safeguarding their business interests rather than the interests of the people or the country. It should be noted that government is getting huge money as taxes given by the cigarette manufacturers and therefore it is impossible for the government to completely ban this activity. Cigarette manufacturers know this fact very well and they are finding new ways to spread smoking. This paper analyses how cigarette companies are targeting their customers. Tobacco company research confirmed the association between tobacco use and alcohol use. Cigarette manufacturers explored promotional strategies linking cigarettes and alcohol, such as jointly sponsoring special events with alcohol companies to lower the cost of sponsorships, increase consumer appeal, reinforce brand identity, and generate increased cigarette sales. They also pursued promotions that tied cigarette sales to alcohol purchases, and cigarette promotional events frequently featured alcohol discounts or encouraged alcohol use. Tobacco companies numerous marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol may have reinforced the use of both substances. Because using tobacco and alcohol together makes it harder to quit smoking (Jiang & Ling, 2011, p.1942). The nexus between liquor manufacturers and cigarette companies is well documented by many studies. It should be noted that many people have the habit of smoking at the time of drinking alcohol. In fact smoking, while drinking, is an essential activity to get the maximum pleasure out of drinking. Tobacco manufacturers know this fact very well and they are offering cigarettes for every purchase of liquor bottles. Thus both liquor manufacturers and cigarette manufacturers are reaping profits. It should be noted that the combined effect of alcohol and cigarette smoke create addiction so that the smokers or the

Reseach approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reseach approach - Essay Example Numerous researches and studies are directed on definition of the problem deeply rooted in the minds of Americans who consume junk food and the number of obese people is growing from year to year. This research paper provides a look of the Interactionist Perspective on the problem of obesity among children. It implies that under pressure of surrounding obese people, a healthy individual would become obese also. Therefore, a parental influence within the family may turn a healthy child in an obese one. Moreover, in accordance with the recent studies, low incomes of families, a low level of education and other negatively influencing socio-economic factors prevent children from exercising and obtrude often eating upon them. Thus, within a peer group an obese individual feels himself comfortable, but in the society he is perceived as a deviant one. Children obesity is greatly triggered within their families if their parents are obese and it is natural of them to eat huge amounts of food. The often eating custom of a certain family turns into a bad habit of their child. The Interactionist perspective is incorporated in the discussion about obesity among children further on. ... Healthcare costs are greatly influenced by obesity. â€Å"World Bank has claimed that the cost of obesity at 12 percent of the nation’s healthcare budget† (Department of Health and Human service, 2000). The costs of obesity cause negative influences on individual and governmental levels. Therefore a struggle against obesity must be held on governmental level because it is an intimidating factor for all nations’ health. There is a need to propagate healthy way of life and increase living standards of ethnical minorities and Americans with lower socioeconomic status. Literature Review: Economic factors Lower incomes lead to high levels of junk food consumption. Affordability and availability of this kind of food increases obesity levels. In accordance with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, â€Å"there are more obese among non-Hispanic white adolescents from families with low income than from families with higher income families. Obese people among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-American children have no low income in their families, on the other hand† (Troiano & Flegal, 1998). Healthy Foods Access Low income of people leads them to wrong food choices: thus people decide to buy food with higher calorie levels due to its lower price (Morland a), 2002).Healthy food costs more than junk food (Drewnowski & Specter, 2004). Data obtained from the study conducted in 2002 signifies that â€Å"†¦there are three times as many supermarkets in wealthy neighborhoods as in poor neighborhoods, and four times as many supermarkets in predominantly white neighborhoods as in predominantly African-American ones (Morland b), 2002). Physical Activity Factors Another

Mobile computing and wireless communication Essay

Mobile computing and wireless communication - Essay Example This exploratory approach towards making things small yet sophisticated promises much more for the future. While analyzing the evolution [2] of mobile technology, it can be safely assumed that the size and power consumption patterns are on a decline while the bandwidths available for communication will continue to increase. Such trends lead us to believe that mobile communication is bound to play an increasingly important role in everyday life through a variety of new applications often referred to as "ubiquitous or pervasive" computing. The emergence of powerful portable computing devices, along with the advances in wireless communication technologies, has made mobile computing a reality. Sensor Networks: One typical application for mobile communication is the sensor network, used for gathering information about the surroundings of the mobile equipment. Such a network consists of small integrated devices scattered over a specified area in order to collect and share information. The goal in undertaking such exercise is to discretely observe, augment, analyze or control an environment in an automated manner. Mobile networks got further enhancement with the help of wireless communication and sophisticated sensors. ... work on the basis of fixed cell based infrastructure. Coverage is provided by base stations which manage the radio resources from a central location thus integrating the services. Depending upon the area being covered by the cell, certain amount of bandwidth is allocated for mobile subscribers. These cells make use of location-based routing protocols for transfer of information packets from sources to destination. Depending upon the bandwidth allocated, an upper limit is fixed for the number of subscribers that one cell can support. Sensor networks, in particular require to support a large number of 'subscribers', resulting in an increase in density per cell. Such networks are often used for short-range temporary communication. Therefore, implementing an infrastructure supporting such a large sensor network becomes very expensive. Mobile ad hoc networks [3, 4] on the other hand allow direct communication between wireless devices operating within the nearby areas and short distances of each other. Such devices prove to be very useful in disaster prone areas. In case of disaster, whole communication infrastructure may be destroyed. In such cases the intercommunicating ability of mobile ad-hoc networks within short range proves to be very useful. For communicating between two mobile devices which are located beyond range are the method of forward messaging messages via intermediate neighbors is used. Decentralization of an ad hoc communication network also eliminates the need for a fixed infrastructure, and results in greater cost reductions. The most widespread notion of a mobile ad hoc network is a network formed without any central administration which consists of mobile nodes that use a wireless interface to send data

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare Research Paper

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare - Research Paper Example For instance, the main aim is to access implicit information and to destroy existing data warehouses and governmental networks to bring economic, technical and social losses to rival nations. Problem Statement Although systems and software developing IT organisations (such as Microsoft, Apple, IBM) have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifically viruses) do not only threaten security of software components, but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records. Significance of the Problem The issue of cyber crimes is not concerted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, cast, colour or language) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites in the orbit. Aims and Objectives The major aim of this research paper is to analyse the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. The objectives are as under: 1) To... Although systems and software developing IT organizations have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifical viruses) do not only threaten the security of software components but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records.The issue of cyber crimes is not converted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, caste, color or language ) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites into the orbit. The major aim of this research paper is to analyze the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. Cyber warfare may sabotage diplomatic relationships between or among nations as well as has potential to indulge nations in physical war (end result) in near future.

IFRS 1 -- ThyssenKrupp Group First Year Conversion Assignment

IFRS 1 -- ThyssenKrupp Group First Year Conversion - Assignment Example Some of the financial components that will be affected from the conversion from US GAAP include the treatment of intangible assets such as development costs, goodwill and intangible pension assets. Tangible assets such as property plant and equipment will require adjustments in how investment property is dealt with because of the differences in treatment under both methods. IFRS uses a components approach in dealing with property, plant and equipment and so they are shown separately – inclusive of the depreciation charged on these assets. Impairment of assets is also dealt with differently and most operating leases will now be classified as finance leases. This will have implications for profits and for the tangible assets balance in the balance sheet. Investment property will now be a separate line item on the balance sheet as a result of these changes. Under IFRS all non-current assets can qualify as assets held for sale while under US GAAP only long lived asset can, once th ey meet specific criteria. There are other interesting cases that will affect deferred tax assets, inventories, trade accounts receivables and other receivables such as embedded derivatives and prepaid pension costs. It is interesting to note that the measurement date of the pension plan will coincide with the year end and so this will affect the prepaid pension cost shown in the financial statements. The treatment of contracts will not only have implications for inventories but also accounts receivable, accounts payables and of course income and therefore the net profit of ThyssenKrupp. IFRS requires a different treatment for minority interest than that used under US GAAP. While US GAAP showed minority interest as a separate item between liabilities and equity IFRS requires that it be shown as part of equity. As a result of these changes the figures for the 2004/2005 will be very different. The differences relating to changes in equity and other elements are therefore required to b e shown in the notes to the financial statements. IFRS 1 also requires that the differences be clearly explained so that the various stakeholders which includes, shareholders, analysts, prospective investors and others are able to understand them and their effects on the financial statements. Finally, it is very important to note that IFRS1 defines an entity’s first IFRS financial statements as being the first annual financial statements in which an entity adopts IFRS by making it clear that IFRS is being complied with by way of an â€Å"unreserved† and â€Å"explicit† statement of that fact (Ernst & Young 2009). The conversion from US GAAP to IFRS has impacted various elements of the financial statements. According to Ernst and Young (2009) the main principle is full retrospective application of IFRS standards that were in effect as of ThyssenKrupp’s first IFRS reporting period. Some of the elements of the financial statements have been impacted positive ly and some negatively. The Balance Sheet elements that are explained below are: property, plant and equipment; inventories; and minority interests. The income statement elements that will be explained are: net sales; selling expenses; and other operating income Balance Sheet Elements Property, Plant and Equipment â‚ ¬m â‚ ¬m Balance as per US GAAP 9,469 Less: Reclassification 557 Other 169 (726) Balance as per IFRS 8,743 The balance as per US G

The Media War; Iran, America & Israel Literature review

The Media War; Iran, America & Israel - Literature review Example They continuously label the state of Israel as a Zionist nation which Iran and other Islamic states call a terrorist state. In more recent times, Iran has been fingered for developing nuclear capabilities. Although similar accusations which led to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 by the Bush administration were proven to be unfounded, the Iranian government continue to suffer a similar accusation. However, in the case of Iran, hard evidence from diverse sources have been put forward to show that Iran is developing nuclear capabilities which would obviously be a threat to Middle Eastern peace because Iran has a history of targeting Americas allies in the region and also have a deep rooted history of tensions with Sunni states like Saudi Arabia which dates back to over 1000 years ago. This paper examines the role of the media in dealing with the US-Iran conflict and the effect on Israel, a US regional ally. The paper will examine the medias involvement in the Iranian situation since 1979. It will go on to examine the way Iran is disclosed in the media since 2000 and other possibilities for war that are relevant to the situation at hand. US-Iran relations were good since the 1960s and 1970s. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was an ally to the US government. Due to this, the Shah and Iran got very positive media revelations in the United States and the West (Watson, 1989). There were over 20,000 Americans who moved into Iran and there was so much media exposition on Iran and the lavish spendings of the Shah and his regime (Watson, 1989). Although the Shah was projected to be a good thing, there was a hard hand that was wielded against the enemies of the Iranian Shah and his government and most of them had to flee into exile. This was hardly reported in the Western media or in the Iranian media, the were covered up and the Shahs regime was presented as a

First law of motion Essay Example for Free

First law of motion Essay I have come to a point in life that many people have not. I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck. I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life. Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. This is why I have chosen to apply at (Selected University Here). An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This is how the first law of Newton is often stated. An object remains at rest unless an external influence interacts with it and either gets it moving again or alters its direction. I prefer to think of myself as one of those objects that are at rest. There has never really been any motivation or desire on my part to try and do something drastic in my life. The problems of other people do not concern me unless there is some sort of benefit that I can gain through my actions or disadvantage that will happen through my inaction. This has always been my way of dealing with things when I was much younger and admittedly more selfish and naive. As every story concerning a spoiled child goes, I always felt that I was the center of everyone’s attention. I was the most important thing in this world. There was no need for me to raise a finger to do anything as everyone around me was at my beck and call, servants who catered to my every whim and desire. These thoughts of greatness and power however were also the same thoughts that made it very difficult for me to adapt to my school environment as I constantly found myself alone in school with no friends and nobody to talk to. Things took a turn for the worse before they got any better however as I was also performing terribly in school. I would get into scuffles with my classmates and get on the bad side of everyone in my school. These were very difficult times for me because I could not understand why these people had such an intense dislike for me. The worst part was yet to come however. One day when I was one my way to my classroom I saw a couple of my classmates breaking into the lockers of a few of the students. Unsure of what I was supposed to do I decided to watch them. A few moments later a young kid, much smaller and younger than me, told these bigger kids to stop what they were doing because it was bad. These bullies merely laughed at the kid and decided to have some fun with him and push him around. Forgetting how much bigger they were than the young child, they became too rough and pushed the child so hard that he rolled down the stairwell. Instead of helping the young kid out I decided to make a run for it and not say anything to anyone. It wasn’t my problem, I recall telling myself. Indeed it wasn’t but soon enough it became a problem of mine when I learned a week later that the young boy who I refused to defend would never be able to walk again. My inaction, my selfishness was the reason that a young boy would never be able to walk again. I could not live with myself. It was then that I decided to approach my mother and ask her why things were that way. Like every mother, my mom adored me and always had my best interests in her heart. But I was surprised when she told me the truth; I was selfish, arrogant and self centered. A person destined for greatness must learn to be humble and must also learn to stand up in the face of adversity. She then told me a story a great person, a person she admired, former President Ronald Reagan. While not exactly the most intelligent of all people, Ronald Reagan endured many trials in his life and was able to weather them all thus earning himself the nickname â€Å"The Teflon President†. Not only was Ronald Reagan able to endure all of his challenges, he was also well loved by many, which is largely attributed to his persuasive quotable speaking style. The Great Communicator was able to charm the hearts of many and in doing so became one of the most effective Presidents in the history of the United States. After that talk, I decided to learn more about this person who my mother thought so highly of and found that he had done so many things during his administration. I could not understand how a person who wielded such power never chose to abuse it but instead chose to use the power to help other people and improve the welfare of every American; Powerful and influential but at the same time well-loved by the American public. From that forth I resolved to discard my selfish and self-centered ways and decided to focus more on helping other people and becoming more altruistic in my deeds. While I certainly will not become the next Ronald Reagan, I have him to thank for motivating me to become a better person not only for myself but for others as well. He has inspired me to lead a life of service for the public and fueled my passion for politics. I may not be able to accomplish the things that this great person has done in his lifetime but I will be happy knowing that I have made a difference in this world. To have even inspired a single person to do good things and to devote his life to a life of service for others as Ronald Reagan has done for me will be a great accomplishment. While I personally believe that â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch† and that everything a person has in life must come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity. I believe in helping others who do not have much in life. I believe in helping people regardless of their nation, race or creed. I believe in being a better person so I can best help myself and others around me. I believe that (Selected University) is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realities.