The Trolley Problem Sample Essay Example For Students

The Trolley Problem Sample Essay The Trolley Problem is set up in two parts. The first portion of this job puts the reader in a inactive place to take between jostling a big individual onto the path doing one individual to decease to salvage the five other people and forbearing and making nil would let the five to decease and the one individual to populate. The 2nd portion of this scenario would set Frank in a really personal place to take to make something about the state of affairs at manus. or to allow five people die ; or intentionally force a big individual to salvage the five. This would look like a really difficult pick for most people. The moral issue in inquiry is to look at a big individual as the reply to halt the streetcar. If the big individual is pushed in forepart of the streetcar to salvage the five people. one would be doing a scruples determination to stop someone’s life. I will utilize Kant’s positions of how this determination would look to me to be morally impermissible. by deontol ogist moralss. and psychologist points of position. We will write a custom essay on The Trolley Problem Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I believe Kant would see the scenario as impermissible because of his positions on the categorical jussive mood. Kant’s categorical jussive mood is to neer move in such a manner that a axiom should go a cosmopolitan jurisprudence. One’s responsibility is ever a connexion between moral Torahs. Kant believes that you can take to make things or non to make things. What is right for a cosmopolitan jurisprudence? Then Kant argues that morality is based neither on rule of public-service corporation. nor on a jurisprudence of nature but merely on human ground. Harmonizing to Kant. ground tells us what we ought to make. and so we follow our ain ground. So. to force a big individual in forepart of a streetcar would be utilizing person as a agency to acquire an terminal. Kant feels we should non utilize people as a agency. no affair what the feeling. Kant’s expression for humanity is that one would move in such a manner as to handle humanity. whether in your ain individual or in the individual of another. ever at the same clip as an terminal. So Kant’s cardinal thought here is non to utilize person as a tool. even though your end would hold good logical thinking. First I will see how deontologist moralss would see forcing person in forepart of a streetcar impermissible. Harmonizing to Sanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. the position of deontologist moralss is that some picks can non be justified in their affects. No affair how good result is supposed to be. some picks are merely morally out. Deontologists are committed to the following Catholic divinity. â€Å"We are flatly out to mean such immoralities as killing the inexperienced person or tormenting others. We are obligated non to kill the inexperienced person for illustration. † ( Sanford 6. 7 ) . This quote suggests that people should non kill a individual no affair how good the purposes are of the individual. Deontologists feel that a individual has to be willing to give their life. Another individual can non do that determination for them. I feel deontologists would be 1s to follow the Ten Commandments. They would reason that it is morally incorrect for Frank to force a big indi vidual in from of an out of control streetcar. One may see it as killing person versus the option of allowing other individuals live. Therefore. killing an person on intent is non merely worse than allowing the five persons dice. it is still. finally. morally incorrect. The 6th Commandment in the bible. in Exodus 20:13. provinces. â€Å"Thou shall non kill† . In the instance of Frank forcing a big individual to halt the streetcar. he would be interfering with the natural class of the existence by killing one individual. and go againsting the regulations established by his God. Frank would truly be deliberately doing the decease of the big adult male. However. if Frank choruss and does nil. he would non be allowing five dice. He did non mean for those five people to be placed in the way of decease and devastation. The streetcar would so merely travel along to its intended way. and Frank would non hold violated the Sixth Commandment. Dr. Joshua Green of Harvard University suggests that there is a psychological ground why Frank should non force the big individual in forepart of the streetcar. The psychological position of double procedure morality supports the impermissibility of forcing the big individual in forepart of the streetcar. The doubl e procedure theory provinces that a individual has concluding based on what seems to be true. without believing. and more controlled cognitive responses promotes the greater good of a state of affairs. esteeming the rights of people. ( Greene 11 ) . Dr. Greene calls the streetcar job the â€Å"footbridge dilemma† . .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .postImageUrl , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:hover , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:visited , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:active { border:0!important; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:active , .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubdeaac1ecf650dfeddde27ff7d5052ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Breaksfast Club EssayHe has found that people have said that they would disapprove of person being pushed in forepart of the streetcar because it has a negative result. Greene has besides stated. â€Å"People have a negative emotional response to the streetcar job because of the more personal nature in that case† ( Greene 13 ) . Harmonizing to the double procedure theory the streetcar job brings up two issues. 1 ) the struggle between emotional intuition and 2 ) the struggle with emotional intuition. The emotional intuition has been the more dominate reply for people to make up ones mind upon in the streetcar instance. In a instance survey by Greene he found tha t patients who have dementia were more likely to O.K. of the â€Å"footbridge dilemma† ( trolley job ) than those who have healthy logical thinking processing. The patients who were mentally unstable. with dementedness and assorted mental diseases. approved of person being pushed in forepart of a streetcar opposed to those who did non hold any mental defects to change their judgement. So in this psychologist position I have found that it is morally impressionable because it is mentally unhealthy to so. This was a instance survey of patients who did non hold good logical thinking accomplishments or capablenesss determination devising and the streetcar job. In his The Doctrine of the Double Side Affect. Dr. Nucci at the University of Duisburg suggests that there is a 3rd ground why forcing a big individual in forepart of the streetcar is impermissible. Dr. Nucci stated. â€Å"It is morally impermissible to force a fat adult male in forepart of a trolley† ( Nucci 2 ) . He has besides stated that ‘killing is merely killing† no affair what the agency or results seem to be. ( Nucci 2 ) . Dr. Nucci provides statistical analysis in the treatment of â€Å"fat adult male and the streetcar problem† . Harmonizing. to Dr. Nucci this idea is backed up by â€Å"Hauser’s Moral Sense Test† and a BBC trial canvass. About 90 % of the persons who took the trial said it would non be morally allowable to force the fat adult male in forepart of the streetcar and salvage the five. The same consequences came from a BBC intelligence canvass where 73 % of the respondents answered merely â€Å"NO† to the inquiry tha t was asked† should you kill the fat man† ? ( Nucci 12 ) . So in this point Dr. Nucci is demoing that the bulk regulations it to be incorrect to force the fat adult male in forepart of the streetcar. and supports the Doctrine of Double Side Affect. The statement of making versus leting brings up a moral difference of killing and allowing dice. Dr. Nucci suggests that forcing the big adult male in forepart of the streetcar is morally worse than allowing five people dice. He says that our negative responsibility of avoiding injury to an person is greater than our positive responsibility to convey assistance and aid to an person ( Nucci 12 ) . We should non kill anyone in either of the streetcar scenarios. 1 ) the fat adult male scenario. or 2 ) the switch streetcar scenario. Harmonizing to Dr. Nucci we should non kill a individual as a agency and side effects harmonizing to â€Å"The Doctrine of Double Side Affect† . We are more than probably to assist people in their clip of hurt than to be the 1s doing that hurt to others. I took a study of module and pupils at Wake Tech. locals. and relatives refering the fat adult male scenario in the streetcar job. I asked the followers of the study participants: 1. If you were Frank. would you force the fat adult male in forepart of the streetcar? 2. If you were the fat adult male what would you make? 3. Would you desire to be pushed in forepart of the streetcar?4. Is it allowable or impressionable?The first respondent was Tumar Thomas. He is a 32 twelvemonth pupil at Wake Tech. His response was. â€Å" If I was the heaviest 1. I would give myself for the greater good of the five if they were adult females and kids. If it was merely five work forces I would allow nature take its class. † I found this morally impermissible. The 2nd response was an 18 twelvemonth old college pupil named Adryanna Messer. She said. â€Å"Yes. I would give for the greater good and salvage the five people. If I were to give for those five people. I would hold to hold a conversation with God foremost. If I had non sacrificed myself. the guilt would eat me up inside of what could hold been? If I did non make anything. I would happen that to be morally allowable. The following four respondents were module. locals and relations. The 3rd respondent was Carolyn Koonig. the disablement services adviser . She said the following in response to the scenario and inquiries. â€Å"It would non be my determination to give a individual. It would be up to God to do that determination. non me. .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .postImageUrl , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:hover , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:visited , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:active { border:0!important; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:active , .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61221648f9e1e51ca24d3b400aec579f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critical analysis on A good man is hard to find EssayYou can non set a value on human life. One life is non more of import than another life. I find this morally impermissible† . The following was a local college pupil Daquin McDaniel at NC State. She said. â€Å"In that case. I would force the big adult male to salvage the five. I would be salvaging lives. I would be losing one life to salvage others. I do happen this morally allowable to make. † The following was the local bibliothec at Green Road Library. Martha Spencer. She said. â€Å"No. I would non force a big adult male in forepart of a streetcar to halt the streetcar. There is no warrant that it woul d halt the out of control streetcar. If it did non work. I would hold murdered person for no ground. I find this to be morally impermissible. † Last respondent to this study is Tonya Nooks. my female parent. She said. â€Å"No. I would non force a big adult male in forepart of an out of control streetcar. That would non for me to make up ones mind. I would seek to warn others of the out of control streetcar and non ache person else. Yes I do happen this morally impermissible† . In decision. the author believes that forcing person in forepart of a streetcar is incorrect for the undermentioned three grounds. 1 ) the philosophy of the dual side effects. 2 ) double procedure logical thinking. and 3 ) deontologist moralss. I believe that forcing person in forepart of a streetcar is incorrect because of my belief system. and I would hold to reply to God for what I would hold done. No 1 should be able to make up ones mind if that person’s life terminals. It would non be a person’s determination to do other than the big adult male himself. Hippocrates provinces. â€Å"Make a wont of two things: to assist or at least do no injury. † We should make no injury to anyone. We should assist people. but we should non set them in danger. Plants Cited Greene. Joshua. â€Å"William James Hall Home Page. † The Cognitive Neuroscience of Moral Judgment. N. p. . 2008 Dec. 1. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wjh. Harvard University. edu/ gt ; . Deontologist Ethics. † ( Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ) . N. p. . 21 Nov. 2007. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //plato. Stanford. edu/entries/plato/ gt ; . Di Nucci. Ezio. The Doctrine of Double Effect and the Trolley Problem. N. p. September 20. 2011. Web 07 Nov 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //ssrn. com/abstract=1930832.

Color Cosmetics Essay Example

Color Cosmetics Essay Example Color Cosmetics Essay Color Cosmetics Essay The color cosmetics category can be complex the number of products, claims, and the Introduction of multitasking formulas can overwhelm even the sallowest of make- up users. As a result, women are looking for guidance from a variety of sources including both online and in-store. Browse Full Report With TCO: towpath. Nonrepresentational. Biz/analysis-details/ color-cosmetics-us-July-2014 Table of Content Scope and Themes What you need to know Definition Data sources Sales data Consumer survey data Abbreviations and terms Abbreviations Terms Executive Summary The market Figure 1 : Total US sales and fan chart forecast of color cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Market factors Figure 2: Use of color cosmetics, by household income, April 2014 Segment performance Figure 3: Total US retail sales of color cosmetics, segmented by type, 201 2 and 2014 Key players To Get Download Full Report with TCO: Nonrepresentational. Biz/sample/ sample/212312 Figure 4: MULL sales of the top five mass market color cosmetics companies, rolling 52 weeks 2013 and 2014 The consumer Lip make-up and mascara are most used products Figure 5: use of color cosmetics, April 2014 Women seek long-wearing, lightweight facial cosmetics Figure 6: Top five benefits sought when selecting facial cosmetics, April 2014 Volumes ranks as most Important mascara benefit 18-24 age group, April 2014 Women want lip products that moisturizer and are long- wearing Figure 8: Top five benefits sought when selecting lip cosmetics, total respondents and 18-24 age group, April 2014 What we think Issues and Insights Mass market is struggling The issues The implications: Leverage technology, creative retailing Multi-benefit products stealing share from foundation, skincare The issues The implications: Offer spectrum of coverage, highlight new usage occasions Shoppers seek different benefits depending on product, lifestyle The issues The implications: Implement targeted marketing efforts, customize product offerings Trend Application Trend: Secret, Secret Trend: Non-standard society Trend: Make it Mine Market Size and Forecast Key points Sales and forecast of color cosmetics Figure 9: Total US sales and forecast of color cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Figure 10: Total US sales and forecast of color cosmetics, at inflation-adjusted prices, 009-19 Future looks solid for color cosmetics Figure 1 1: Total US sales and fan chart forecast of color cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Forecast methodology To Read Complete Report with TCO: Nonrepresentational. Is/analysis/ 212312 Market Drivers Wealth disparity benefits both prestige and budget brands Figure 1 2: University of Michigan index of consumer sentiment (CICS), 2007-14 Figure 13: Use of color cosmetics, by household income, April 2014 Trend-driven nature of category drives market Technology impacts how women interact with make-up Competitive Context Segment Performance Facial make-up sales remain strong Lip cosmetics see optics in growth Sales of color cosmetics, by segment Figure 14: Total US retail sales of color cosmetics, segmented by type, 2012 and 2014 Figure 1 5: Key purchase measures for color cosmetic products, by household penetration, 52 weeks ending DCE. 30, 2012 (year ago) and DCE. 9, 2013 (current) Segment Performance Facial Cosmetics Sales are solid for facial cosmetics Sales and forecast of facial cosmetics Figure 16: Total US sales and forecast of facial cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Segment Performance Eye Cosmetics Slow growth expected for eye cosmetics Sales and forecast of eye cosmetics Figure 17: Total US sales and forecast of eye cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Segment Performance Lip Cosmetics Lip cosmetic sales are on the rise Sales and fo recast of lip cosmetics Figure 18: Total US sales and forecast of lip cosmetics, at current prices, 2009-19 Contact US: Office: United States State Tower 90 state street, suite 700 Albany, NY 12207 United States Toll Free: 866-997-4948 Tell: +1-518-618-1030 E: [emailprotected] Biz

Outlining on hove smartphones improved Americans live Essay

Outlining on hove smartphones improved Americans live - Essay Example The use of smartphone applications has helped healthcare professionals and laypersons in the following ways, which include; The work environment has been made more palatable through the increased acceptance of smartphones. Most companies have integrated the smartphones as integral tools for assessment, information gathering, communication and training, and transacting with clients (Pitichat 5). The specific tasks performed by the smartphones to make the functions of organizations seamless include; c. Smartphones have made it easier for employees to get in contact with clients and complete transactions offsite. This has been enhanced by the use of video conferencing capabilities of the smartphones. This platform can also be used by the management to contact their employees and amongst the employees themselves. Socialization and the entertainment of Americans have also benefited from the increased use of smartphones. The ability of phones to get Wi-Fi and the increased ability to get 4G network capabilities has enabled people to access the internet Sarwar and Soomro (223). The increased access to the internet has brought increased use of social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook and online entertainment such as the Apple Store. Entertainment has also benefited through the increased ease in accessing information and facilities such as concerts and ticketing. Pitichat, T. Smartphones in the workplace: Changing organizational behavior, transforming the future. LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research fromClaremont Graduate University, 3 (1). P. 1-10, 2013.

Assignment of Religion and Environment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of Religion and Environment - Assignment Example Maya- the Maya religion developed in the west before arrival of the Spanish. They worshipped nature gods such the gods of the sun or rain. The main significance of the ballgame highlights the Mayas belief in life death and rebirth/resurrection. Sabbath- the term Sabbath is derived from the bible in the story of God’s creation in the book of genesis. He created earth in 6 days and rested on the 7th day. Its significance is for Christians to take rest from their busy schedules and have a day to honor God and keep it holy as written in the commandments. Dukha- the act of trying to grasp, cling, having passion or craving for something that cannot be obtained. Its significance is to ensure religion is based on experimenting all things either natural or spiritual as a meaningful unity. Catharsis- the word catharsis is derived from a Greek word kathoros meaning to purify or keeping it clean. It is used by Christians by using it in the beyond limits of ordinary experience to that free or cleanse souls. Miasma- the term miasma is a Greek mythology that means a contagious power that has another independent life of its own until a wrongdoer who sacrifices to die to help cleanse the society from getting infected by catastrophes (Patton, 2006). What is the myth of Hindu fire mare and how does Patton explain the significance of this myth in relation to environmental pollution. Hindu fare mare is the myth that fire brings images concealing immense energy; it gives a chance of survival to humans and would destroy everything in the end of time. Agni the fire goddess is present in all three worlds and helps settle disputes or act as a witness in ceremonies such as marriage.(patton, 2006) Patton explains that many cultures have made the sea sacred in believing that it can was away dirty or immoral, majorly anything contaminating. In return, the oceans and seas take in limitless amount of waste and the ecologists are slow to act (Illich,

Microeconomics Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microeconomics Questions - Essay Example Therefore, a product with high total revenue is less elastic than the products with less or low total revenue. Bottled water is elastic since there exists alternative or substitute to bottled water like un-bottled water which might be cheaper. Toothpaste is also very elastic since there exists very many brands of toothpaste and some people may go without using toothpaste so they consider it not so necessary. The cookie dough ice cream has inelastic demand for changes in price leads to a small change in quantity demanded. This is because the product is not a necessity. Fresh green beans have an elastic demand for it is a perishable good, a small change in price will lead to a larger change in quantity demanded. Also, given a short time period allowed for the customers to adjust to the prices, the elasticity of the fresh green beans less elastic. For gasoline, being that there exist several substitutes for the product, there is a greater elasticity of the product. That is, a small chan ge in the price can lead to a larger change in the quantity demanded. Externalities: a positive externality is the effect of a project on the people not involved in the project but in a way that is productive or in a beneficial way to those people. For example, a project to tarmac a road leading to a sugar cane plantation benefits even those who are not concerned directly with the plantation when they enjoy the goodness that comes with a tarmac road even to access market with their own goods. On the other hand, a negative externality is the negative effect of a project or a cost to those who are not directly involved in the project. For instance, a paper milling factory emits poisonous gasses and heavy compounds to the environment posing the society around to health risks. The government therefore needs to encourage and promote positive externalities by providing subsidies and reducing taxes for the materials that are used in such projects. For negative externalities, the government needs to price higher the license for starting up such projects, can impose heavy taxes, tough regulations and charges or even issue a barn order to initiating such kind of projects. For instance, for the above examples, the government needs to subsidize the road construction or remove taxes on the materials used to build the road and in the case of the paper milling company; the government should impose tough regulations such as the factory should put up a hospital to treat the affected people freely and also to carry out frequent checks on the people to find out any developing diseases from them. Others can be to force the factory to reduce their waste into less harmful gases by installing pollution control devices which might be very expensive to install or impose heavy taxes on the factory if it is necessary to exist. Short and long run: being that the customers are so many in the restaurant on a daily routine and they eat without tables brings some sense that the issue on the table is not a very urgent need that should be dealt with as a short run problem. Therefore, the restaurant can just continue making profits with the already available fixed inputs and equipment and plan to provide tables much later after the business has made enough profits. In the short run therefore, the restaurant can major on how to increase labor that is used to prepare

Analysis of Unified Modelling Language

Analysis of Unified Modelling Language Chapter 1: Introduction Context of the Problem The Unified Modeling Language is a graphical modeling language used for the visualization, specification, construction, and documentation of object-oriented software systems. It has been adopted by the Object Management Group (OMG) and is widely accepted as a standard in industry and research. The UML provides thirteen types of diagrams for different purpose. This thesis focuses on sequence and class diagram known as structure diagram and behavior diagram. Sequence forms concentrate on the presentation of dynamic aspects of a software system, and class forms the structural view of software system. Sequence diagrams stress time ordering while Class focus on static. In Model-driven Architecture (MDA), class diagram is the source for code generation in object-oriented development (Pender, 2003), so how to map what we find in the interaction diagram back to class diagram become an important subject if we want to develop system from behavior aspect initially. There are some existing relatively modest tool supports exploiting the logical dependencies of UML diagrams. Some systems maintain method lists across class diagrams and sequence diagrams and the transformation between sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams. However, nowadays, the two diagrams that sequence and Class are draw divided and can not be transformed between each other. And there is no comprehensive framework that would support such mechanisms throughout these two diagram types in a systematic way (Selonen et al., 2003). That waste much time to maintain system and often make the system development documents should rewrite again and again. To solve these problems, a transformation theorem which proposed by Selonen et al. (2003) is cited in this paper. Selonen et al. (2003) propose a framework and categorize meaningful transformation operations between different diagram types in UML. These operations can be used, for example, for model checking, merging, slicing and synthesis (Selonen et al., 2003). The transformation operation can be used as a basis of tool support in UML-based modeling tools. With these operations, we can get the benefits as follows: Class Diagram becomes easier and faster to create because they can be achieved as results of automated operations. Class Diagram becomes more consistent and correct because they are either produced or updated automatically, or checked against each other exploiting the transformation operations. Improve the software development process. The process of agile modeling become from use case to sequence diagram and then translated to class diagram. It will be more simply and efficiency. Research Question and sub-questions How does the transformation between sequence and Class diagrams make systems easier to develop and maintain and avoid system development documents to be rewritten all the time? What are meta-modeling, Meta Object Facility and Object Constraint language? How to operate the transformation? How does the transformation work in the real world (Examples)? Significance of the Study Sequence diagrams provide a natural and easy medium for designing the examples of typical dynamic interactions of objects, often as refined representations of use cases. After modeling examples of interactions, the designer should add the information implied by the sequence diagrams to the static view (class diagrams), or check that the static view conforms to the sequence diagrams (Selonen et al., 2000). The sequence diagram and class diagram derived from the same use case and can not be transformed between each other. This paper discusses a particular UML transformation operation mentioned in (Selonen et al., 2003), which transforms from a sequence diagram into a class diagram. The transformation operation is based on the UML 2.0 Specification (OMG, 2003), which defines the syntax and semantics of UML. The thesis defines the rules on the phases of this transformation operation and gives a transformation example to show the result of transformation. This paper will concentrate on the conceptual research of UML semantics, and do not concentrate on any development tool. However, OCL will be used to describe the transformation rules and hoped can be used in UML-based modeling tools development. I hope that the steps of modeling will improve; Support for synthesizing a new class diagram from an existing sequence diagram can provide significant help for the designer. Such synthesis operation helps the designer keep the two diagrams consistent because the synthesized class diagram can be compared with existing class diagram. The transformation operation also speeds up the design process, and to decrease the risk of human errors. In UML CASE tool vendors can implement this transformation operation in their tools to get the benefits described above. Research Design and Methodology The protocol for this research project is mostly using qualitative by design. A Case study will be used as the most important a strategy of research methodology in the study. The research process consists of six steps. It collects and analysis the documents and papers which are corresponding to the UML transformation thesis, OCL and MDA transformation theory. Then proposing a transformation framework for transformation from sequence diagram to class diagram and concluding transformation mapping rules. This paper will testify and revise the transformation mapping rules via implement a real case of agile modeling development process. And finally proposing the research result, and discuss the conclusion and future work. Organization of the Study Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter one introduces the research. This chapter will present the context of the problem, the problem statement, the main research question, the significance of the study, and the research methodology used to address the main research question. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature Chapter two gives an overview of the background literature for the thesis. Chapter 3: Meta-modeling, Meta Object Facility and Object Constraint language Chapter three will give the brief introduction of UML, MDA, meta-model, transformation and OCL are described at first, followed are the separate meta-models of sequence and class diagram. Chapter 4: Operation of the Transformation Chapter four will propose a framework of transformation from Sequence diagram to Class diagram. Also, a rule will be defined on every phase of transformation, using OCL to describe transformation rules. Chapter 5: Example of the Translations Chapter five will be working on a Case Study, and demonstrating the transformation for a true case in the real world. Chapter 6: Conclusion Chapter six will present the summery and conclusion. Chapter 2: Review of Literature 2.1 UML The complexity in software development process of getting from a set of requirements to a proper abstraction of the solution leads people to develop models. A model is a simplification of something so we can view, manipulate, and reason about it, and so help us understand the complexity inherent in the subject under study (Mellor et al., 2004). The UML is a family of graphical notations, backed by single meta-model, that help in describing and designing software systems, particularly software systems built using the object-oriented (OO) style (Fowler, 2003). The Unified Modeling Language (UML), since adopted as a standard (UML 1.1) by OMG in 1997, has become a widely accepted as standard for modeling a software system. The latest UML version 2.0 has been formally adopted in June 2003, and it will be applied throughout this thesis. UML 2 describes 13 official diagram types which fall in two categories depending on whether they describe structural or behavioral aspects of a software system. The UML can capture an array of processes and structures which related to business and software. UML has such power that a modeler can use it for the general architecture of any construction that has both a static structure and dynamic behavior. A project can rely on UML as the standard language to express requirements, system design, deployment instructions, and code structure (Eriksson et al., 2004). 2.2 Agile Modeling Test case modeling and an evolutionary approach are two major and strongly related techniques to model transformation (Rumpe, 2004). UML nowadays has become popular modeling language for software intensive systems used. Models can be used for a variety of purposes. One advantage of using models for test case description is the application specific parts which are modeled with UML-diagrams, such as connection to frameworks, error handling, persistence, or communication are handled by the parameterized code generator (Rumpe, 2004). This allows us to develop models which can be independent of any technology or platform, such as PIM. When the technology changes, we only need to update the generator, and the application defining models can directly be reused. This concept also directly supports the above mentioned MDA-Approach (OMG, 2005) of the OMG. Another important merit is that both of the production code and automatically executable tests are modeled by the same UML diagrams. Therefore developers could use a single homogeneous language to describe implementation and tests. This will enhance the availability of tests at the beginning of the coding activities. Analogously to the â€Å"test first approach† (Beck, 2001), sequence diagrams are used for test cases and can be taken from the previously modeled requirements. When we start software modeling by drawing classes in a class diagram does not mean we are developing a class model. Instead, we are developing a software model by defining static aspects through a static view. If we start our development by drawing a dynamic diagram, like the state or sequence diagram, we are developing a software model by defining dynamic aspects through a dynamic view. The class and sequence diagrams could better be called structural and dynamic views. They are all written in the same language: UML (Kleppe et al, 2003). In Agile modeling (Ambler, 2002), we develop an Information system in following steps by using UML. System Use Case Models UI Prototypes UML Class Diagrams UML Sequence Diagrams UML Activity Diagrams Use case diagram shows a number of external actors and their connection to the use cases that the system provides. A use case is a description of a functionality (a specific usage of the system) that the system provides. The description of the actual use case is normally done in plain text or as a document linked to the use case. The functionality and flow can also be described using an activity diagram. The use case description only views the system behavior as the user perceives it and does not describe how the functionality is provided inside the system. Use cases define the functional requirements of the system. Sequence diagrams address an interaction and may be used to model flows within use cases (Booch et al., 1999). They show how the objects interact to execute operations, emphasis on the time ordering of the messages. Class diagrams shows a collection of declarative (static) model elements, such as classes, types, and their contents and relationships. Once we have the use cases, the next step is to create the class diagram. This is the heart of the object-oriented model. This paper concentrates on the steps of modeling from Use Case Models to Class Diagrams and sequence Diagrams. 2.3 MDA The MDA is a new software engineering approach developed and published by the Object Management Group (OMG). One fundamental observation in the evolution of living software systems over the years is that their basic design models are mostly unchanged. Most changes to evolving software systems take place only at engineering level, forced by the introduction of new technologies and platforms (BAohme et al., 2005). MDA promotes simply the usage of models for the whole software system development. To capture the problem of technology evolution MDA defines two categories of models. The first one is for abstract modeling of the software systems at the design level. This model class is called Platform Independent Model (PIM). The second category is related to specific platforms and technologies. It contains mainly engineering aspects of the software system and is called Platform Specific Model (PSM). Between these two classes of models, MDA defines a relation in the form of several transformations, which ensure the structural equivalence of PIM and PSM. Another key issue of MDA is a technology framework for different kinds of model handling (storage, exchange, mapping of models, etc.). The Meta Object Facility (MOF) (OMG, 2000) is convenient for this purpose. Historically modeling languages were defined by abstract grammars. MOF instead defines modeling languages on the base of so-called Meta-Models. Meta-Models are models (instances) of built-in MOF concepts. Using this framework the developer can focus more on the definition of mappings between models rather than having to struggle with ordinary model handling. This is due to the fact that MOF comes with a method for the definition of model classes (Meta-Models) and for the exchange of models using the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI). In addition, MOF provides mappings of Meta-Models to repository interfaces as well. Such a repository holds all necessary information about model instances. The above argument is correct for most of todays component technology. To show the real application we have to choose concrete Meta-Models for PIM and PSM. This also leads to the selection of appropriate Meta-Models and notations for PIM and PSM. One requirement for both is the support of the component concept as a first class concept. Moreover, the Meta-Model for the PSM should be part of a well-defined and established component technology. Because the spread industrial usage is a process consuming several years, the suitable technologies have traditional syntax based languages for component definition. MDA exploits the emergence of a class of tools, which support model translation and allow meta-model manipulation. Meta-models are models of the formalism used to build models. They define the various kinds of contained model elements and the way they are arranged, related and constrained. The process of developing a model results in the creation of instances of the model elements defined in the meta-model – the meta-model is â€Å"populated† with instance data. Model transformation is the process of converting a model expressed in one formalism to another model of the same system expressed using a different formalism. This can be achieved by building a meta-model of each of the source and target model representations and then defining a mapping between them. The meta-model of the source model is populated with instance data of the specific source model to be transformed. The mapping rules are applied as a set of operations invoked on the source meta-model, which results in a meta-model of the target model populated with instance data. This populated target meta-model is then used to generate the target model (or possibly the target text in the case of code generation. (Bloomfield, 2005) 2.4 Models, modeling, and MDA Models and model-driven software development are at the heart of the MDA approach. So it is appropriate to start by looking at what is being practiced when enterprise application developers take advantage of modeling. In the software engineering world, modeling has a rich tradition from the earliest days of programming. The most recent innovations have focused on notations and tools that allow users to express system perspectives of value to software architects and developers in ways that are readily mapped into the programming language code that can be compiled for a particular operating system platform. The current state of this practice employs the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the primary modeling notation (Rumbaugh et al.,1999). The UML allows development teams to capture a variety of important characteristics of a system in corresponding models. Transformations among these models are primarily manual, with tool support for managing traceability and dependency relationships among modeling elements, supported by best practice guidance on how to maintain synchronized models as part of a large-scale development effort. One useful way to characterize current practice is to look at the different ways in which the models are synchronized with the source code. Each category identifies a particular use of models in assisting software practitioners to create running applications (code) for a specific runtime platform, and the relationship between the models and the code. Today, most of software developers still take a code-only approach, and do not use separately defined models at all. They rely almost entirely on the code they write, and they express their model of the system they are building directly in a 3rd generation programming language such as Java, C++, or C# within an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as IBM WebSphere Studio, Eclipse, and Microsoft VisualStudio. Any â€Å"modeling† they do is in the form of programming abstractions embedded in the code (e.g., packages, modules, interfaces, etc.), which are managed through mechanisms such as program libraries and object hierarchies. Any separate modeling of architectural designs is informal and intuitive, and lives on whiteboards, in PowerPoint sides, or in the developers’ heads. While this may be adequate for individuals and very small teams, this approach makes it difficult to understand key characteristics of the system among the details of the implementation of the business logic. Furthermore, it becomes much more difficult to manage the evolution of these solutions as their scale and complexity increases, as the system evolves over time, or when the original members of the design team are not directly accessible to the team maintaining the system. An addition is to provide code visualizations in some appropriate modeling notation. As developers create or analyze an application, they often want to visualize the code through some graphical notation that aids their understanding of the code’s structure or behavior. It may also be possible to manipulate the graphical notation as an alternative to editing the text based code, so that the visual rendering becomes a direct representation of the code. Such rendering is sometimes called a code model, or an implementation model, although many feel it more appropriate to call these artifacts â€Å"diagrams† and reserve the use of â€Å"model† for higher levels of abstraction. Some tools that allow such diagrams (e.g., IBM Web Sphere Studio and Borland Together/J), the code view and the model view can be displayed simultaneously; as the developer manipulates either view the other is immediately synchronized with it. In this approach, the diagrams are tightly coupled representations of the code and provide an alternative way to view and possibly edit at the code level. Further advantage of the models can be taken through roundtrip engineering (RTE) between an abstract model of the system describing the system architecture or design, and the code. The developer typically elaborates the system design to some level of detail, then creating a first-pass implementation from the code generated by applying model-to-code transformations, usually manually. For instance, one team working on the high level design provides design models to the team working on the implementation (perhaps simply by printing out model diagrams, or providing the implementation team some files containing the models). The implementation team converts this abstract, high-level design into a detailed set of design models and the programming language implementation. Iterations of these representations will occur as errors and their corrections are made in either the design or the code. Consequently, without considerable discipline, the abstract models and the implementation models usually and quickly – end up out of step. Tools can automate the initial transformation, and can help to keep the design and implementation models in step as they evolve. Typically the tools generate code stubs from the design models that the user has to further refine. As changes are made to the code they must at some point be reconciled with the original model. To achieve this some approach to recognize generated versus user defined code is used such as placing markers in the code. Tools adopting this approach, such as IBM Rational Rose, can offer multiple transformation services supporting RTE between models and different implementation languages. In a model-centric approach, models of the system are established in sufficient detail that the full implementation of the system can be generated from the models themselves. To achieve this, the models may include, for example, representations of the persistent and non persistent data, business logic, and presentation elements. Any integration to legacy data and services may require that the interfaces to those elements are also modeled. In some cases much more than code stubs can be generated depending on the fidelity of the models of patterns to transform the models to code, frequently allowing the developer some choice in the patterns that are applied (e.g., among various deployment topologies). To further assist in the code generation, this approach frequently makes use of standard or proprietary application frameworks and runtime services that ease the code generation task by constraining the styles of applications that can be generated. Hence, tools using this approach typically specialize in the generation of particular styles of applications (e.g., IBM Rational Rose Technical Developer for real-time embedded systems). However, in all cases the models are the primary artifact created and manipulated by developers. A model-only approach is at the far-right end of the modeling spectrum. In this approach developers use models purely as thought aids in understanding the business or solution domain, or for analyzing the architecture of a proposed solution. Models are frequently used as the basis for discussion, communication, and analysis among teams within a single organization, or across multi-organizational projects. These models frequently appear in proposals for new work, or adorn the walls of offices and cubes in software labs everywhere as a way of understanding some complex domain of interest, and establishing a shared vocabulary and set of concepts among disparate teams. In practice the implementation of a system, whether from scratch or updating an existing solution, may be practically disconnected from the models. An interesting example of this approach can be seen in the growing number of organizations who outsource implementation and maintenance of their systems while maintaining contr ol of the overall enterprise architecture. 2.5 Transformations between UML diagrams UML provides different diagram types supporting the development process from requirements specification to implementation (Selonen et al., 2001). The models presented by different diagrams view a system from different perspectives or from different abstraction levels. Therefore, the various UML models of the same system are not independent specifications but strongly overlapping: they depend on each other in many ways. For Instance, changes in one model may imply changes in another, and a large portion of one model may be synthesized on the basis of another model. So far there exists relatively modest tool support exploiting the logical dependencies of UML models. Some systems (e.g. Rational Rose) maintain, for instance, method lists across class diagrams and sequence diagrams: adding a call of a new method in a sequence diagram automatically causes the corresponding updating of the class symbol in a class diagram. Another example is the transformation between sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams, also supported by Rational Rose. However, there is no comprehensive framework that would support such mechanisms throughout Class diagram and Sequence diagram in a systematic way. This paper studies the relationships of Class diagram and Sequence diagram in UML, and transformation operations that are based on those relationships. A transformation operation takes a UML diagram as its operand (the source diagram), and produces another diagram of another type as its result (the target diagram). It considers such transformation operations as an essential part of a UML- based software design environment. The transformation operations can be used for example in the following ways: Model checking:Are two diagrams consistent with each other? It is much easier to find inconsistencies between two diagrams of the same type than between two diagrams of different types. If the diagrams are of different types, transformation operations can be first applied to obtain two diagrams of the same type, which are then compared for consistency. Model merging:Add the information contained in one diagram to another diagram. Merging the modeling information of two diagrams is much easier when the diagrams are of the same type (Alanen and Porres, 2003). If the diagrams are of different types, transformation operations can be first applied to obtain two diagrams of the same type, which are then merged. Model slicing:Create a partial view of a diagram showing only a particular aspect. Often the aspect can be presented in the form of another diagram (of some other type). For example, one may want to see a dynamic slice of a static diagram. The diagram representing the slicing criterion (for example, a dynamic diagram) can be first transformed into the type of the target diagram (for example, a static diagram). An intersection of the two diagrams of the same type then shows the desired slice. Model synthesis:Produce a diagram on the basis of an existing diagram of another type. This is the most straightforward usage of transformation operations. Such synthesis can be useful for two purposes: to obtain automatically an initial form of a diagram needed in a subsequent phase of the software development process, or to obtain a different view of the information contained by a diagram. The latter may be used just as a transient view on a model, rather than as a persistent design artifact. 2.6 Phase of Transformation Operation Selonen et al. (2003) use the UML meta-model to define the transformation between UML diagrams. Since diagram types are only very loosely defined (the same notation may represent different meaning on different diagrams), we need to establish a precise mapping from a graphical view representing a diagram type to a model; i.e. we must define a model that corresponds to a given diagram. This model contains exactly the logical information exposed by the diagram, needed by the transformation operations. We will call this model the minimal model of the diagram. As we do this for all diagram types, we are able to define transformations between diagram types as functions from the meta-model of a diagram type to the meta-model of another diagram type. Such a function takes the minimal model of the source diagram as its argument, and produces the minimal model of the target diagram. They call the transformation rules the interpretation of the transformation. Assuming that the mappings from the source diagram into its minimal model, from this minimal model into the minimal model of the target diagram, and finally into the target diagram, are all defined uniquely, the transformation between two diagram types becomes fully defined (Selonen et al.,2003). First, take a given sequence diagram and map the sequence diagram to its minimal model. Then transform this minimal model to a minimal model of a class diagram. Finally, this minimal model is mapping to a class diagram in model level. This thesis will base on this process to introduce a definite transformation operation. Reference Tom Pender. (2003). UML Bible (1st edition). Wiley, ISBN: 0764526049 Martin Fowler. (2004). UML Distilled (3rd edition), Wesley, ISBN: 0321193687 Hans-Erik Eriksson, Magnus Penker, Brain Lyons, and David Fado. (2004). UML 2 Toolkit, Wiley, ISBN: 0471463612 Ambler. (2002). Agile Modeling: Effective Practices for Extreme Programming and the Unified Process, Wiley, ISBN: 0471202827 Jos Warmer, Anneke Kleppe.(2003). The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA (2nd Edition), Wesley, ISBN: 0321179366 Grzegorz Rozenberg.(1997). Handbook on Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation: Foundations (1st edition), World Scientific Publishing Company, ISBN: 9810228848 James Rumbaugh, Grady Booch, and Ivar Jacobson. (1999). The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Wesley, ISBN: 020130998X Jams R Rumbaugh, Michael R. Blaha, William Lorensen, Frederick Eddy. (1991). Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice Hall; United States Ed edition, ISBN: 0136298419 Rumpe, B.(2004). Agile Modeling with the UML, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Petri Selonen, Kai Koskimies and Markku Sakkinen. (2001). How to Make Apples from Oranges in UML. Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from: http://csdl2.computer.org/comp/proceedings/hicss/2001/0981/03/09813054.pdf Petri Selonen, Kai Koskimies and Markku Sakkinen. (2003). Transformations between UML diagrams. Journal of Database Management. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from: http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23439697_ITM Petri Selonen (2000). Scenario-based Synthesis of Annotated Class Diagrams in UML. Tampere University of Technology, Retrieved February 21, 2008, from: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/462963.html Mellor, S. J., Scott, K., Uhl, A., and Weise,D., MD. (2004). a Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven. Wesley, Retrieved February 22, 2008, From: http://www.metamodel.com/,2005 OMG. (2003). UML 2.0 OCL Specification, Retrieved February 22, 2008, from: http://www.omg.org/docs/ptc/03-10-14.pdf,2003 Tony Bloomfield. (2005). MDA,Meta-Modelling,and Model Transformation: introduction New Technology into the Defence Industry, Retrieved February 22, 2008, from: http://www.enabler.com/en/skills/ecmda/PAPER_Bloomfield.pdf

Free Essays - Analysis of the Maltese Falcon :: Movie Film Essays

I  don’t recall if Gutman said it in the movie about the Falcon being coated by lacquer to obfuscate that it’s really made of gold and jewels. I think it was implied that nothing is what they really seem to be. This is what I believe Dashiell Hammett was trying to communicate through his novel, ‘The Maltese Falcon.’ In this paper I will write about why I believe what is Hammett trying to convey through his cast of characters. These characters are unlike the image and stereotype cast upon their roles.   Sam Spade isn’t exactly the typical (stereotypical?) main character or rather a detective character (I think for any main character.) By his looks/appearance, â€Å"He [Spade] looked rather pleasantly like a blond satan† (p. 3). Suggesting he is not angelic looking like lets say Humphrey Bogard (an indication that the movie isn’t true to the novel). The film ruined the ironic un-charming hero concept the novel have and so do I as one of my first example of the â€Å"things-are-not-what-they-seemed-theory-for-Hammett’s message.† Spade is callous, avaricious, and shares a similarity with Mike from ‘The House of Games.’ Why I think Mike and Spade are similar? For one thing Brigid   O’Shaughnessy gave Spade a talk/speech about him using her pretty much the same thing Ford asked Mike in the airport.   Brigid’s comment (p. 211-212) â€Å"You’ve been playing with me? Only pretending you cared-to trap me like this? You didn’t-care at all? You didn’t-don’t-I-love-me?† Ford’s â€Å"You used me...† speech is strikingly similar to Brigid’s including the reaction from Mike/Spade. The two men both refused to show sympathy and they did both had sex with their respective victims ...er women except Mike ends up dead and Brigid ends up in jail. Ford and Mike and Spade and Brigid share many similarities from the two women being used and the men conning these women. We know what Mike did already and Spade used his devilish charm to get Brigid to solve the case. He conned her into giving him money, win his trust, and played with her feelings. The comparison between Mike and Spade is to show that Spade is more of a con men than a detective which I hope are (usually) depicted as law-abiding, straight-arrow, gentlemen. Spade is a proto-badass character. I think Hammett is trying to convey that heroes aren’t always good.   Brigid O’Shaughnessy (whom I will refer as Brigid because her last name is long) is a complex character in which that she appears to be a typical damsel-in-distress but suppose to be   â€Å"a beautiful and treacherous woman whose loyalties shift at the drop of a dime.

Vark analyis paper

Learning Styles This paper will explore the kinesthetic learning style identified by the VARK questionnaire. This paper will look into the dentified characteristics of a kinesthetic learner as well as the dfferent learning and studying strategies that can make the kinesthetic learner successful. Preferred Learning Style: Kinesthetic learning Is a style of learning that Is based on being actively Involved In the learning process. Kinesthetic learners use all five senses to be able to grasp Ideas and retain the Information that is being taught.The kinesthetic learning style nables the learner to learn material by â€Å"doing† such as with â€Å"hands on activity. It is essential that these learners have activity involved in their education. Kinesthetic learners have to be active participants in their learning in order to retain taught information. â€Å"Kinesthetic learners need to move around and work with ideas. They need to be touching or doing things that pertain to the ma terial being taught. Kinesthetic learners sometimes have difficulty sitting still in class and Just listening as they are â€Å"hands on learners†. The more actively you are Involved in doing a skill, the better you learn It.The more skin and muscles you use, the better you remember. Even small motions that seem unrelated to the activity help these learners to understand materiel. Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing or experiencing the Information being sought out. The more senses you can Involve In learning, the better you will remember it. † (Nelson, 2013) Preferred Learning Strategies: Kinesthetic learners do well with labs, demonstration, field trips and hands on experiences. The kinesthetic learner should attempt to take the concepts that are being taught and convert those ideas into â€Å"real† experiences.With the use of case studies and applications this can assist the kinesthetic learner to retain taught information as well as help with recall of in formation at a later on time. Learning tools that benefit the Kinesthetic learner include: being comfortable, kinesthetic learners are comfortable with studying in places such as a comfortable chair or sitting on the floor; listening to music or the TV, kinesthetic learners do study well while listening to music or with the television on as this allows them to use the hearing sense; also allowing room to move, kinesthetic learners need room to move round and change posltlons while studying.Preferred and Identified Learning Strategies: similarities are numerous. The author of this paper is a kinesthetic learner. The author prefers to understand an idea through â€Å"hands† on experience. The VARK learning strategies mirror the author's preferred learning strategies. The ability of the learner to have self-assurance in their studies is increased once the learner has identified and put into practice learning strategies that work best for them. Changes Needed in Study Habits: As stated previously, kinesthetic learners will flourish in an environment that is onducive to active participation by the learner.With that said kinesthetic learners must learn to adapt methods of study and learning to be successful in other learning environments. These environments can include online learning and lecture halls. Changes in study habits that can benefit the kinesthetic learner include practicing how to take organized notes during a lecture or online discussion. This â€Å"practice† can enable the learner to utilize one of their strengths. Also, practicing Strategies from other learning styles such as recording and re-listening to a lecture at a later time ay help the learner to make information more concrete.VARK Learning Style Analysis Summary: The VARK learning style analysis assists not only the teacher but the student as well to identify different learning styles. The VARK learning analysis identifies five different learning styles: visual, aural, reading/wr iting, kinesthetic, and multimodal. â€Å"Visual learners learn best by seeing. Things such as charts, diagrams, illustrations and handouts are beneficial learning tools for this type of learner. Visual learners prefer to see information in a visual form. Auditory learners (Aural) learn by hearing information.

Puritanism in the scarlet letter essays

Puritanism in the scarlet letter essays Puritanism was the religion practiced by the people of colonial Boston, the setting for Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. The author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, utilizes imagery to convey that Arthur Dimmesdale, a Puritan minister of the town, does indeed represent the Puritan society and not only the round character that can be viewed on the surface level. This is seen through the imagery and symbolism of hypocrisy, Dimmesdale as a Christ leader, and the scarlet letter. Hawthorne parallels the hypocrisy of Dimmesdale to that of Puritan society. Hawthorne describes Dimmesdale as, "a viler companion of the vilest, the worst of sinners," even though Dimmesdale is seen as the most holy man in the Puritan community. Puritan society was supposed to be a utopian society and do away with their English traditions, but instead was very strict and highly religious. Similarly, as Dimmesdale was supposed to be holy, yet they both were hypocritical. Dimmesdale also portrays the hypocrisy of Puritan society by not initially taking his place on the scaffold, "Ye have both been here before, but I was not with you... and we will stand all three together." While Dimmesdale hid his sin at the first scaffold scene, so did the Puritans when they colonized America. The Puritans faults were not initially that obvious, but as time grew on they appeared on their own scaffold just as Dimmesdale does. Hawthorne writes about one of Dimmesdale's sermons that are, "address ed to the multitude a discourse on sin, in all its branches." In Dimmesdale's sermons, he speaks out against sin while at the same time he commits his own sins of adultery and deceit, just as the Puritans committed sins. Dimmesdale's character models Puritan society in the way they treat religious persecution. The Puritans left England to flee from religious intolerance, but when they settled in the colonies, they had no religious tolerance for people with different religious beliefs...

Your Blues Aint Like Mine essays

Your Blues Ain't Like Mine essays Mississippi Mud: A report on Your Blues Aint Like Mine I never thought that reading a book would open up my mind like this one did. This book exposed me to all the horrors of the south during the civil rights movement and beyond. It all starts one summer in the fifties in rural Mississippi. Armstrong Todd, a young black man, is sent away to his grandmas for awhile by his mother, Delotha, while she got back on her feet. See Delothas husband Wydell left because he was a drunk and Delotha couldnt deal with him anymore. So since Delotha couldnt make enough money in Chicago to feed herself and Armstrong she sent him down to live with her mother, Odessa, in Hopewell, Mississippi. This is where it all starts. One day after school Armstrong was milling around in the town pool hall for blacks, owned by Floyd Cox, a poor white man. He was showing off and having a good time and trying to convince all the other blacks in the hall how educated he was by speaking French to them. When Floyd and his wife Lily came into town that day, they stopped by t he pool hall to see if things were going ok. Floyd told Lily to stay in the truck when he went inside but she didnt listen to him and went in anyway. Once inside the young black man fascinated her talking French and she started to blush when he talked to her. Floyd didnt know what to think when he saw this happening and since he didnt understand French and didnt care too much for black people, he took the French as Armstrong saying dirty things to his wife. This infuriated him and he yelled at and almost came to beating up Armstrong. After this he thought he had taken care of everything, but his father Lester and John Earl thought different and convinced Floyd that he should kill the young black boy for talking nasty to his wife. So they did. This is only the beginning. The book also goes into detail about Floyds family ...

Draft Leadership Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Draft Leadership Critique - Assignment Example One of the theories on leadership is by James Burns known as transformational theory of leadership. This theory is based on the belief that leaders and their followers work mutually in order to grow each other to higher levels of morality and motivation. It mostly involves engaging the minds and hearts of the employees (Ray, 2013, 59). It is beneficial in ensuring that everyone in the organization eventually reaches a higher sense of motivation, satisfaction with their work and a greater sense of achievement. In order for this kind of leadership to be successful, there is a need for a certain level of trust and concern rather than having control over the employees. This theory implies that leaders can only make employees follow in their footsteps of they also follow what they preach. Some of the main criticism of this theory is that it is too enlist and places too much emphasis on heroic aspects of leadership. The expected end result of this is that the followers are bound to be oppressed in a certain way. Transformational leaders rule under the notion that they have some sort of special abilities that their employees have no access to. Consequently, the destiny of their followers is tightly linked to the ambitions of their leaders. Secondly, in this kind of leadership, there is a likelihood that followers by be manipulated by their leaders and eventually end up losing more than they gain (Lussier & Achua, 2010, 39). Transactional theory of leadership, on the other hand, is based on the idea that the relationship that exists between leaders and their employees develops from the exchange of some form of reward (Bertocci, 2009, 56). The reward could be in terms of salary, praise, recognition or performance ratings. The main limitation of this form of leadership is that it implies that leaders will only reward employees when their

Internatinal Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Internatinal Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example Mulberry was established in 1971 specifically to provide fashionable items that would create a formula for its success in the market (Reuters, 2012). Mulberry is a fashionable and luxury brand that people aspire to own. Mulberry is recognized for its wide variety of women leather bags which includes shoulder bags, satchels, totes, clutches, briefcases etc. Due to its classic design and wide variety, it is seen on world’s famous celebrities and models’ arm such as Daisy Lowe, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and Claudia Schiffer. The company not only provides readymade handbags but also gives its customers a chance to design their own handbags according to their requirements making the English luxury easily accessible. The brand is just not limited for women but also provides handbags and other accessories for men. The collection for men is also eye-catching due to which it is purchased frequently by men. The men’s accessories include wallets, cufflinks, bags, gloves, sc arves and belts (Mulberry, 2012). The company core values remains indistinguishable even after 4 decades which is the main reason for the company’s success. ... Despite the recessionary period the company remains focused on the long-term success and growth (Wood, 2010a). Even after the economic situation the performance of the company was extra-ordinary in 2010 as more than ?40m worth Mulberry’s brand were sold in Britain alone (Wood, 2010b). Global expansion was company’s key success and provided the company with positive news. The international revenues boosted to 61 percent providing high growth opportunities for the company. With the economy in disastrous situation it was important for the company to look for internationalization rather to face economic downturn due to which the sales were expected to fall. The major reason for Mulberry’s internationalization was based on the sharp decline in 2008 for the first time after 2003 which affected the domestic demand for handbags in US and Europe (PRWeb, 2012). The rising demand for international high quality leather handbags in other regions of the world was another reaso n for expanding the business into other geographic regions (Business Wire, 2010). Due to such conditions the best way to hedge against risk was to set foot in such market that was growing influx of foreign brand. One such country includes India where the handbag market is estimated at Rs. 20 billion and projected to grow at an increasing rate of 15 percent annually (Technopak Advisors, 2011). The market for luxury product all over the globe is increasing at a surprising rate and Asia is being targeted as the main market for such products after Europe; due to which India would be the best country to cater (Image 1 and 2). Another advantage to expand in this Asian country will be its low cost in terms of labour and raw material. Figure 1: Worldwide Luxury Goods Market